Canon et traduction (Septante, Aquila) : des traditions rabbiniques en rapport avec le judaïsme synagogal ?
Résumé
The rabbinic texts concerning the canon and the Greek translation of the Bible have often been read within the framework of the antagonism between rabbinic Judaism and Christianity. However, this interpretation doesn’t allow to give an account of the whole corpus. Three solomonic books are among the biblical works whose canonical and/or ritual status is questioned by the rabbis : Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. This is certainly not a mere coincidence. The Septuagint which the rabbis praise is not the actual Septuagint, but an ideal one. It has been written by the rabbis themselves who changed the text of the Tora for the king Ptolemy. Traditions concerning Aquila reveal that his relation to rabbinic Judaism was far from being simple. Three from his translations deal with the feast of Sukkot, the concept of immortality and the lampstand. All these elements suggest the important role played by Palestinian Greek-speaking synagogual Judaism in the background.